FLN-Gi c~Yi«~c n‡jv Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (‡gŠwjK mv¶iZv I msL¨vÁvb)|

mnR K_vq, GKwU wkïi c«v_wgK wk¶vi G‡Kev‡i শুরুi w`‡K (mvaviYZ 3 †_‡K 8 eQi eqm ev Z…Zxq †k«Yx ch©ন্ত) wiwWs cov, mvaviY †jLv Ges c«v_wgK MwYZ (‡hgb: †hvM, বিয়োM, MYbv) †kLvi †h †gŠwjK `¶Zv, Zv‡KB FLN ejv nq|

FLN-Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Ges স্তম্ব¢ `ywU:

1. Foundational Literacy (‡gŠwjK mv¶iZv): wkï †hb †Kv‡bv GKwU fvlv (‡hgb: gvZ…fvlv) fv‡jvfv‡e co‡Z, eyS‡Z, ej‡Z Ges mnRfv‡e wjL‡Z cv‡i|

2. Foundational Numeracy (‡gŠwjK msL¨vÁvb): wkï †hb ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mvaviY msL¨v eyS‡Z cv‡i, MYbv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges mvaviY MvwYwZK mgm¨vi (‡hgb: †hvM-weh‡়vM) mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

FLN KLb Ges †Kv_vয় c«_g ïরু nয়ঃ

Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) ev †gŠwjK mv¶iZv I msL¨vÁv‡bi aviYvwU †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó †`k ev wbw`©ó eQ‡i nVvr K‡i ïরু nqwb| Z‡e GKwU গ্লোবাল GWy‡Kkb †d«gIয়াK© ev c«vwZôvwbK wk¶vbxwZ wn‡m‡e GwU av‡c av‡c wek¦Ryড়ে ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q|

Gi †cQ‡bi g~j BwZnvmwU wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:

1. Avন্তR©vwZKfv‡e aviYvi m~Pbv (2015)

2015 mv‡j RvwZmsN hLb SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) ev †UKmB Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv †NvlYv K‡i, ZLb Zvi SDG 4-G wek¦e¨vcx gvbm¤§Z c«v_wgK wk¶vi Ici †Rvi †`Iqv nq| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, A‡bK wkï ¯‹y‡j †M‡jI mvaviY wiwWs ev mnR †hvM-we‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv (hv‡K ejv nq Learning Poverty ev wkLb `vwi`ª¨)| GB msKU `~i Ki‡Z BD‡b‡¯‹v (UNESCO), BDwb‡md Ges wek¦e¨vsK †hŠ_fv‡e c«v_wgK wk¶vi wfwË wn‡m‡e "Foundational Learning" ev FLN-Gi aviYv‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m|

2. c«vwZôvwbK wgkb wn‡m‡e c«_g eo AvKv‡i iƒcvন্তi (2020-2021)

GKwU mywbw`©ó RvZxয় wk¶vbxwZ Ges †`ke¨vcx 'wgkb' wn‡m‡e GwU c«_g mdjfv‡e Ges eo cwim‡i evস্তevqb ïরু K‡i fviZ|

KLb: 2020 mv‡j Zv‡`i bZyb RvZxh় wk¶vbxwZ‡Z (NEP 2020) GwU‡K m‡e©v”P AM«vwaKvi †`Iqv nq Ges 5 RyjvB 2021 Zvwi‡L AvbyôvwbKfv‡e GwU GKwU RvZxq wgkb wn‡m‡e Pvjy nq|

‡Kv_vq: fvi‡Zi wk¶v gš¿Yvjq NIPUN Bharat (National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy) bv‡g GB FLN wgkbwU Pvjy K‡i, hvi j¶¨ 2026-27 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c«wZwU Z…Zxq †k«Yxi wkïi †gŠwjK mv¶iZv I msL¨vÁvb wbwðZ Kiv|

3. evsjv‡`‡k FLN-Gi hvÎv

evsjv‡`kI GB ‰ewk¦K fvebvi mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv c«Kvk K‡i c«v_wgK wk¶vq FLN-‡K hy³ K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki c«v_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvjq Ges c«v_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi Zv‡`i PZy_© c«v_wgK wk¶v Dbœয়ন Kg©m~wP (PEDP-4)-Gi AvIZvq wkï‡`i evsjv, Bs‡iwR I MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK wfwË (FLN) gReyZ Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k GwU †hfv‡e evস্তevqb Kiv n‡”Q Ges Gi d‡j Kx cwieZ©b Avm‡e, Zv wb‡P weস্তাwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:

1. evsjv‡`‡k FLN †hfv‡e evস্তevqb Kiv n‡”Q

miKvwi c«v_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z wkï‡`i fvlv I MwY‡Zi wfZ k³ Ki‡Z g~jZ wb‡Pi c×wZ I †KŠkj¸‡jv e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q:

we‡kl wkLb c¨v‡KR (Remedial Learning): †KvwfW-19 gnvgvixi Kvi‡Y wkï‡`i †h cov‡kvbvi ¶wZ n‡qwQj, Zv cywl‡q wb‡Z we‡kl '‡iwgwWqvj' ev wbivgqg~jK K¬vm †bIqv ïরু nq| c«_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †k«Yxi wkï‡`i Rb¨ evsjv, Bs‡iwR I MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK `¶Zvi Ici we‡kl †Rvi w`‡q msw¶ß wm‡jevm I we‡kl IqvK©eyK ‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

mnR I Avb›``vqK wk¶Y c×wZ: gyL¯’ we`¨vi †P‡q †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g, Mí e‡j, Qwe †`wL‡q wKsev wewfbœ wk¶vg~jK wKU (‡hgb: d¬¨vk KvW©, KvDw›Us w÷K ev KvwV, eY©gvjvi e­K) e¨envi K‡i ev¯—em¤§Z Dcv‡q A¶i, kã I msL¨vi aviYv †`Iqv n‡”Q|

wk¶K‡`i we‡kl c«wk¶Y: c«v_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl Bb-mvwf©m †U«wbs Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kxfv‡e GKwU wkï‡K mn‡R wiwWs cov †kLv‡bv hvq ev fxwZ `~i K‡i MwYZ †kLv‡bv hvq, Zvi AvaywbK †KŠkj wk¶Kiv GB c«wk¶Y †_‡K wkL‡Qb|

DVvb ‰eVK I gv mgv‡ek: wkï‡`i cov‡kvbvq gv‡q‡`i m¤ú…³ Ki‡Z wbqwgZ 'gv mgv‡ek' I 'DVvb ‰eVK' Kiv n‡”Q| wk¶Kiv gv‡q‡`i eywS‡q w`‡”Qb †h, evwo‡Z Kxfv‡e mš—vb‡K Aš—Z wiwWs cov ev †QvULv‡Uv wnmve-wbKvk Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq|

মূল্যায়নc×wZ ms¯‹vi: c«_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †k«Yx ch©š— c«PwjZ eo eo cix¶vi Pvc Kwg‡q 'avivevwnK g~j¨vqb' Gi Ici †Rvi †`Iqv n‡”Q| wk¶K K¬v‡mB †Lqvj K‡ib wkïwU mwVKfv‡e co‡Z ev ¸b‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv Ges †mB Abyhvqx Zvr¶wYK mnvqZv †`b|

2. Gi djvdj ev BwZevPK c«fve Kx n‡e?

GB Kvh©µg¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e mdj n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki c«v_wgK wk¶v e¨e¯’vq eo ai‡bi BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avm‡e:

wkLb `vwi`ª¨ (Learning Poverty) n«vm: evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK wkï cÂg †k«Yx cvm Kivi ciI mnR evsjv co‡Z cv‡i bv ev †QvU †hvM-we‡qvM cv‡i bv| FLN mdj n‡j GB 'wkLb `vwi`ª¨' c«vq k~‡b¨i †KvVvq †b‡g Avm‡e| c«wZwU wkï Aন্তZ wiwWs cov Ges mvaviY wnmve eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

¯‹yj †_‡K S‡i cov (Drop-out) Kg‡e: wkïiv hLb cov eyS‡Z cv‡i bv, ZLbB Zv‡`i ¯‹y‡ji c«wZ fxwZ ‰Zwi nq Ges GK mgq ¯‹yj †Q‡o †`q| c«_g w`‡KB cov I MwY‡Zi wfZ k³ n‡q †M‡j Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cov‡kvbv mnR I Avb‡›`i n‡e, d‡j ¯‹yj †Q‡o †`Iqvi nvi A‡bK K‡g hv‡e|

D”PZi K¬v‡mi cov‡kvbv mnR n‡e: weÁvb, mgvRweÁvb ev D”PZi MwYZ †evSvi Rb¨ wiwWs cov Ges c«v_wgK MwY‡Zi Ávb _vKv eva¨Zvg~jK| FLN-Gi d‡j wfwËg~j kw³kvjx nIqvq wkïiv PZy_© ev cÂg †k«Yx‡Z D‡V mn‡RB Ab¨vb¨ KwVb welq¸‡jv jy‡d wb‡Z cvi‡e|

fwel¨‡Zi `¶ bvMwiK I A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb: c«v_wgK wk¶vi GB gReyZ wfwË †kl ch©š— D”Pwk¶vq Ges Kg©‡¶‡Î eo f~wgKv ivL‡e| `¶ I †hvM¨ gvbem¤ú` M‡o †Zvjvi c«_g wmuwoB n‡jv GB FLN|

evsjv‡`‡k FLN (Foundational Literacy and Numeracy) ev †gŠwjK mv¶iZv I msL¨vÁvb evov‡bvi Rb¨ c«v_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvjq Ges c«v_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi †ek wKQy bZyb, ev¯—egyLx I djc«m~ †KŠkj ev¯—evqb Ki‡Q| wkï‡`i Kv‡Q cov‡kvbv‡K fxwZnxb I Avb‡›`i K‡i †ZvjvB Gi g~j j¶¨|

wb‡P c«avb c`‡¶c¸‡jv Zy‡j aiv n‡jv:

1. 'G‡mv co‡Z wkwL' I we‡kl MvBW

RvZxয় wk¶vµg I cvV¨cyস্তK †evW© Ges c«v_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi wg‡j c«_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †k«Yxi wkï‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl cVb wb‡`©wkKv I wkLb mvgM«x ‰Zwi K‡i‡Q|

eo eo cvV¨eB‡qi Pvc Kwg‡q mnR M‡íi eB, Qwe msewjZ d¬¨vk KvW© Ges PvU© e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q †hb wkïiv †Ljvi Q‡j eY©, kã I evK¨ mvRv‡Z cv‡i|

2. MwYZ Awjw¤úয়াW I বাস্তবDcKi‡Yi e¨envi

MwY‡Zi fxwZ `~i Ki‡Z Ges msL¨vÁvb mnR Ki‡Z c«v_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z 'c«v_wgK MwYZ Awjw¤úqvW'-Gi †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q|

২। ‡k«YxK‡¶ gyL¯’ Kiv‡bvi e`‡j KvwV, gv‡e©j, KvM‡Ri UvKv wKsev ¯’vbxq wewfbœ বাস্তবwRwbm w`‡q wkï‡`i †hvM, weয়োM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi aviYv †`Iqv n‡”Q|

৩।  wk¶K‡`i avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb (CPD)

FLN-Gi me‡P‡q eo kw³ n‡jb wk¶Kiv| wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl c«wk¶Y gwWDj ‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Kxfv‡e K¬vmরু‡g wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡`i (Slow learners) wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡`i AwZwi³ Pvc bv w`‡q fv‡jv‡e‡m wiwWs cov ev MYbv †kLv‡Z n‡e, Zv GB c«wk¶‡Y †kLv‡bv nq|

4. avivevwnK মূল্যায়ন(Continuous Assessment)

c«_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †k«Yx ch©ন্ত c«_vMZ LvZv-Kj‡gi KwVb cix¶vi Pvc c«vq m¤ú~Y© `~i Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wk¶Kiv GLb K¬v‡mi g‡a¨B c«wZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g (‡hgb: †ev‡W© G‡m co‡Z ejv, Mí ej‡Z †`Iqv, †QvU avuavi mgvavb Ki‡Z †`Iqv) wkï‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Qb| G‡K ejv n‡”Q wkLbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~j¨vqb|

5. gv mgv‡ek I DVvb ‰eVK

GKwU wkïi wk¶vi wfZ ïay ¯‹y‡j bq, evwo‡ZI ‰Zwi nq| GB Kvi‡Y miKvwi c«v_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z wbqwgZ 'gv mgv‡ek' I M«vgxY GjvKvq 'DVvb ‰eVK' Kiv n‡”Q| wk¶Kiv gv‡q‡`i m‡PZb Ki‡Qb †hb Zviv evwo‡Z mন্তvb‡K Aন্তZ c«wZw`b wKQy mgq wiwWs covi Af¨vm Kivb Ges N‡ii †QvULvটো Kv‡R (‡hgb: wRwbmcÎ †Mvbv) msL¨vi PP©v Kivb|

g~j fvebv: evsjv‡`k miKvi GLb "me wkï wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i" Ges "mnR wnmve Ki‡Z cv‡i" GB j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L c«wZwU c«v_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †k«YxK¶‡K AviI †ewk wkï-evÜe I AvKl©Yxq K‡i Zyj‡Q|

FLN Kivi Rb¨ wKfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡`i evPvB Kiv nh়

evsjv‡`‡k c«v_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z FLN (Foundational Literacy and Numeracy) Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i Avjv`vfv‡e †Kv‡bv KwVb cix¶v wb‡q ev Avjv`v †Kv‡bv Mªy‡c fvM K‡i evQvB Kiv nq bv| KviY, bxwZMZfv‡e c«_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †k«Yxi c«wZwU wkïB FLN Kvh©µ‡gi Aন্তf©y³|

Z‡e, †k«YxK‡¶ †Kvb †Kvb wkïi †gŠwjK mv¶iZv (cov/‡jLv) Ges msL¨vÁv‡b (MwYZ) †ewk `ye©jZv Av‡Q, Zv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶Kiv wbw`©ó wKQy ‰eÁvwbK I mnR c×wZ e¨envi K‡ib| G‡K ejv nq "Baseline Assessment" (c«viw¤¢K g~ল্যায়ন) ev "Diagnostic Tracking" (`ye©jZv wPwýZKiY)|

wb‡P evQvB ev wPwýZKi‡Yi g~j c«wµqv¸‡jv †`Iqv n‡jv:

1. Iivj wiwWs ফ্লুয়েন্সি (Oral Reading Fluency - ORF) †U÷

evsjv Ges Bs‡iwR fvlvi †¶‡Î GKwU wkï KZUyKy co‡Z cv‡i, Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ wk¶K c«wZwU wkï‡K Iqvb-Uy-Iqvb (G‡K G‡K) †W‡K Lye mnR wKQy cix¶v †bb:

eY© I kã †Pbv: wkïwU G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e †jLv eY© ev mvaviY kã (‡hgb: ej, eB, b`x) PU K‡i co‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv|

wgwb‡U kã MYbv: Z…Zxq †k«Yxi GKwU wkï wgwb‡U Aš—Z 30-40wU kã mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv, Zv †`Lv nq|

c‡o eyS‡Z cviv (Comprehension): 2/3 jvB‡bi GKwU mnR Mí covi ci wkïwU‡K †QvU c«kœ Kiv nq (‡hgb: "M‡í weovjwU Kx i‡Oi wQj?")| hw` wkïwU DËi w`‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e †evSv hvq †m ïay wiwWs co‡Q bv, covi A_©I eyS‡Q|

2. msL¨vÁvb I MvwYwZK `¶Zv hvPvB (Numeracy Test)

MwY‡Zi †¶‡Î wkïwUi wfZ †Kgb, Zv eyS‡Z wk¶K †QvU †QvU বাস্তব DcKiY ev †evর্ডের gva¨‡g hvPvB K‡ib:

msL¨v †Pbv I MYbv: 1 †_‡K 100 ch©š— msL¨v G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e w`‡j wPb‡Z cv‡i wK bv, A_ev wKQy KvwV ev gv‡e©j w`‡q ej‡j Zv mwVKfv‡e ¸b‡Z cv‡i wK bv|

¯’vbxq gvb I Zyjbv: †KvbwU eo ev †QvU msL¨v (‡hgb: 45 eo bvwK 54 eo) Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv|

‡gŠwjK MvwYwZK c«wµqv: GK ev `yB A‡¼i mvaviY †hvM Ges weh‡়vM Zviv wb‡R Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv|

1.      wkLbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~ল্যায়ন (Continuous Assessment)

কোv‡bv AvbyôvwbK cix¶v QvovB wk¶Kiv c«wZw`‡bi K¬v‡mi ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i ch©‡e¶Y K‡ib|

‡hgb: †ev‡W© G‡m KvD‡K GKwU jvBb co‡Z ejv, KvD‡K LvZvq GKwU msL¨v wjL‡Z †`Iqv, ev †Ljvi Q‡j †Kv‡bv c«‡kœi DËi w`‡Z ejv|

wk¶v_©x‡`i c«wZKvi g~jK e¨e¯’v¸‡jv wK wK?

FLN (Foundational Literacy and Numeracy) A¨v‡mm‡g‡›Ui gva¨‡g †hmKj wk¶v_©x‡K wcwQ‡q cov ev `ye©j wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq, Zv‡`i Rb¨ †k«YxK‡¶B we‡kl c«wZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v (Remedial Measures) †bIqv nq| Gi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv—‡Kv‡bv wkï‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j bv †i‡L, Avb›``vqK †KŠkj Zv‡K Zvi mncvVx‡`i mgch©v‡q (Grade Level) wb‡q Avmv|

evsjv‡`‡k c«v_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z GB wPwýZ wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ g~jZ wb‡Pi c«wZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v¸‡jv †bIqv n‡”Q:

1. †gav ev †ivj bq, 'wkLb স্তর Abyhvqx `j MVb (Grouping by Ability)

wPwýZ wk¶v_©x‡`i eqm ev †ivj b¤^i Abyhvqx wePvi bv K‡i, Zviv eZ©gv‡b †K †Kvb স্ত‡i AvU‡K Av‡Q, †mB Abyhvqx †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiv nq|

covi †¶‡Î: যেমনঃ 'eY© স্তর (hviv ïay A¶i †P‡b), 'kã স্তর (hviv kã Mo‡Z cv‡i) Ges 'Mí স্তর (hviv wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i)|

MwY‡Zi †¶‡Î: 'msL¨v †Pbv স্তর, '‡hvM-we‡qvM স্তর' BZ¨vw`|

e¨e¯’v: wk¶K c«wZ mßv‡n ev wbw`©ó w`‡b wbw`©ó `‡ji `ye©jZv `~i Ki‡Z †mB স্তরের Dc‡hvMx †Ljv ev DcKiY e¨envi K‡ib|

2. বাস্তব DcKiY I wUGjGg (TLM) w`‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g †kLv‡bv

`ye©j wk¶v_©x‡`i mvaviY cvV¨eB‡qi †P‡q AvKl©Yxq Teaching Learning Materials (TLM) ev wkLb mvgM«x w`‡q †kLv‡bv nq|

fvlv ev mv¶iZvi Rb¨: eY© KvW© I kã KvW© w`‡q kã evbv‡bvi †Ljv, Qwei eB †`‡L Mí ejv Ges eY©gvjvi e­K †Rvov jvMv‡bv|

msL¨vÁv‡bi Rb¨: gy‡L gy‡L gyL¯’ bv Kwi‡q KvwV (Counting Sticks), gv‡e©j, Wwg‡bv KvW©, KvM‡Ri K…wÎg UvKv ev ¯’vbxq wewfbœ eস্তু (‡hgb: cvZv, cv_i) w`‡q evস্তem¤§Zfv‡e †hvM-we‡qvM I MYbv †kLv‡bv|

3. পিয়ার jvwb©s ev 'eÜy wk¶K' c×wZ (Peer Tutoring)

শ্রেণিK‡¶ †h wk¶v_©xiv cov‡kvbvq wKQyUv GwM‡q (Fast Learners), Zv‡`i `ye©j wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ †Rvovq (Pair) ewm‡q †`Iqv nq|

GwM‡q _vKv wk¶v_©xwU †Ljvi Q‡j Zvi mncvVx eÜy‡K eY© wPb‡Z ev wiwWs co‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| G‡Z `ye©j wk¶v_©xi †fZ‡ii RoZv I fq †K‡U hvq Ges †m wk¶‡Ki †P‡q mncvVxi KvQ †_‡K mn‡R †k‡L|

4. c«wZw`‡bi K¬v‡m AwZwi³ mgq I we‡kl g‡bv‡hvM

wbqwgZ K¬v‡mi GKwU wbw`©ó Ask (‡hgb: c«_g 15 wgwbU ev †kl 15 wgwbU) A_ev mßv‡ni we‡kl †Kv‡bv w`b (‡hgb: e…n¯úwZev‡ii GKwU Ask) ïaygvÎ GB wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ eivÏ ivLv nq| GB mg‡q wk¶K Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i ¯^vej¤^x KvR (Independent Work) w`‡q, wb‡R GB we‡kl `jwUi Kv‡Q wM‡q Iqvb-Uy-Iqvb (G‡K G‡K) mgq †`b|

5. AwZwi³ ev †iwgwWqvj IqvK©eyK (Remedial Workbook)

cvV¨eB‡qi KwVb Abykxjbx ev` w`‡q, GB wkï‡`i Rb¨ ‰Zwi we‡kl mnR I AvKl©Yxq Kv‡Ri LvZv ev IqvK©eyK e¨envi Kiv nq| †hLv‡b c«Pyi Qwe, WU †gjv‡bv, is Kiv Ges wjwcwP‡Îi (Tracing) gva¨‡g eY© I msL¨v †jLvi mnR Abykxjb _v‡K|

6. evwo I gv‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM (Home-School Connection)

wk¶K GB wk¶v_©x‡`i gv‡q‡`i mv‡_ Avjv`vfv‡e gv mgv‡ek ev DVvb ‰eV‡K K_v e‡jb| gv‡q‡`i †Kv‡bv KwVb cov w`‡Z ejv nq bv; eis Aby‡iva Kiv nq †hb Zviv evwo‡Z wkï‡K c«wZw`b Aš—Z 10-15 wgwbU mnR †Kv‡bv M‡íi eB ev cwÎKvi †nWjvBb D”P¯^‡i covi (Read Aloud) Af¨vm Kivb Ges N‡ii †QvULv‡Uv wRwbmcÎ (‡hgb: _vjvevmb, Avjy-‡cuqvR) ¸b‡Z †`b|

7. BwZevPK Drmvn I Uª¨vwKs KvW©

`ye©j wk¶v_©xiv †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB nxb¤§b¨Zvq bv †fv‡M, †mRb¨ Zv‡`i c«wZwU †QvU †QvU mvdj¨‡K (‡hgb: GKwU bZyb kã mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z cviv) K¬v‡m nvZZvwj w`‡q ev c«ksmv K‡i DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| wk¶Kiv GKwU 'c«‡M«m Uª¨vwKs KvW©' ev AM«MwZ c‡Î wj‡L iv‡Lb wkïwU eY© স্তর †_‡K kã স্তরে DbœxZ n‡jv wK bv|

g~j D‡Ïk¨: GB c«wZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v¸‡jvi g~j `k©bB n‡jv—"‡h wkï †hfv‡e wkL‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K †mfv‡eB †kLv‡bv|" †Kv‡bv Pvc ev kvwস্ত bv w`‡q, †Ljv Avi fv‡jvevmvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wfZ k³ KivB Gi Avmj KvR|