Voice (বাচ্য)

Voice হচ্ছে Verb এর গঠন, যার দ্বারা Subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার উপরে এসে পড়ে তা বুঝায় ।

Voice দুই প্রকার:

1. Active Voice: Subject যদি Verb এর কাজ সম্পাদন করতে পারে তবে তা Active Voice.  যেমন,  I eat rice.

2. Passive Voice: Subject যদি Verb এর কাজ সম্পাদন করতে না পারে তবে তা Passive Voice. যেমন, Rice is eaten by me.

*Tense এর গঠন সমূহ Active Voice হয়।

                         Passive Voice এর সাহায্যকারী Verb সমূহ

সাধারন নিয়ম:

1.Obj টা Subj হবে।                    *2.Tense অনুসারে সাহায্যকারী Verb বসে।       

3.মূল Verb এর Past Participle Form.           4.অতিরিক্ত অংশ/Obj.

5.Preposition(by).                       6.Subj টা Obj হবে।

Active: Shaiful Islam teaches us English.

Passive: We are taught English by Shaiful Islam. 

# কোনো বাক্যে ২টি Object থাকলে ব্যক্তি বাচক টিকে Subject করা উত্তম। তবে কোনো Object এর সামনে Preposition থাকলে তা কখনোই Subject হবে না।

Active: Murad teaches us English.

Passive: We are taught English by Murad.  Or Egnlish is taught (to) us by Murad.

                                Assertive Sentence( All Tenses)

Structure: Obj টা Subj হবে+Tense অনুসার Passive Voice এর সাহায্যকারী Verb+V₃+অতিরিক্ত অংশ/Obj+Preposition(by)+Subj টা Obj হবে।

Active: Nasif has killed a tiger.

Passive: A tiger has been killed by Nasif.

Active:  Murad is writing an e-mail.

Passive: An e-mail is being written by Murad .

Active: I knew Ashraful.

Passive: Ashraful was known to me.

Shaiful English Academy- Contact:01756-594848.

Imperative Sentence:

Structure: Let+২য় obj(বস্তুবাচক) +be+V₃+by/for/to+ ১ম obj(ব্যক্তিবাচক).

এখানে- Active Voice এ Let থাকলে by, Let না থাকলে for /to বসে।

*২টি Object থাকলে সম্পূর্ন গঠন হবে। আর একটি Object থাকলে V₃ তে শেষ হবে।

*Noun এর পূর্বে not বসে, আর Pronoun এর পরে not বসে (বিস্তারিত Parts of Speech দেখুন)

প্রয়োগ-

Active: change the voice.

Passive: Let the voice be changed.

Active:Buy me a pen.

Passive: Let a pen be bought for me.

Active: Never tell a lie.

Passive: Let never a lie be told.

Active: Let him do it.

Passive: Let it be done by him.

*Imperative sentence এ Please বা kindly থাকলে-

You are requested to +Please/kindly এর পরের  অংশ

Active: Please help me.

Passive: You are requested to help me.

*Object বিহীন Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে-

You are অর্থানুসারে ordered/advised/commanded ইত্যাদি+Imperative sentence.

Active: Go out at once.

Passive: You are ordered to go out at once.

                                            Interrogative Sentence.

Structure:- WH word+মূল Auxiliary Verb+ Obj/Subj+বাকি Auxiliary Verb+V₃+

Extra Obj/Part+Preposition(by)+Subj/Obj+Note of Interrogation (?).

#এখানে, Who থাকলে By whom আর Whom থাকলে Who বসে।

প্রয়োগ:-

Active: What do you want?

Passive: What is wanted by you?

Active: Who can do this?

Passive: By whom can this be done?

Active: Shall I help you?

Passive: Will you be helped by me?

                                                     অন্যান্য নিয়ম:-

1. Quasi-passive:- যদি verb এর Object না থেকে, Adjective থাকে তাকে Quasi -passive বলে।

Structure: Subj+সাহায্যকারী Verb+V₃+Adjective.

অথবা:- Subj+সাহায্যকারী Verb+Adjective+when+it/they+সাহায্যকারী+V₃.

প্রয়োগ:-

Active: Honey tastes sweet.

Passive: Honey is tasted sweet. Or  Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

2.Reflexive object:- Self/Selves যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive করার নিয়ম-

Subj+সাহায্যকারী Verb+V₃+preposition(by)+Reflexive Obj.

প্রয়োগ:-

Active: Manik fans himself.

Passive: Manik is fanned by himself.

3.Bare infinitive থাকলে , to infinitive হবে।

Active :I saw him go.

Passive: He is seen to go by me.

4.অনেক সময় Passive voice এর Object অনুপস্থিত থাকে,Active Voice করার সময় Verb ও Passive Voice এর Subject অনুসারে তা ধরে নিতে হবে।

Passive:  The thief was caught.

Active: The police caught the thief.

5.মাঝে মাঝে  Preposition by ছাড়া অন্যান্য Preposition বসে।

প্রয়োগ:-

Active: Fire/smoke fills the room.

Passive: The room is filled with fire/smoke.

Active: I know you.

Passive: you are known to me.

Active: I can can a can. (Do yourself).

Change the following voices.

1.What do you want? 2.They killed 5 mice.3. I know the man .4.Please solve the problem .5.Change the voice.6.Let me do the task.Buy me some flowers.7.Never tell a lie.8.Do not do the  work .9.He read a novel.10.Does he paly cricket ?11.She fans herself.12.Honey tastes sweet.13.He ran a race.14.We made him chairman.15.He bought me a pen.16.He bought a pen for me   .17.Am I writing a letter ?18.Who will do this?19.Whom did you like?20.Post the letter.21.Pen through the line.22.They have done it.23.Who is helping you?24.What has he seen?25.Were you calling me ?26.He teaches us English.

Board Question: H.S.C(1-10).J.S.C.(11-20)

1.     At that time his mother asked him for a glass of water.

2.     My watch was lost.

3.      He can never help the people  of the society.

4.     An honest man is honored everywhere by all.

5.     Dowry hampers the peace of the society.

6.     Tea helps us remove our ftigue.

7.     So, we should control it for our own sake.

8.     It is known as an industrious creature.

9.     The farmers use water in the time of cultivation largely.

10.                                                                                                      Everybody admires and respects them greatly.

11.                                                                                                      Donot look down upon the poor.

12.                                                                                                      During his life time, he spent money lavishly.

13.                                                                                                      It is called the river of destruction.

14.                                                                                                      tourists from home and abroad visit its shore.

15.                                                                                                      We use different spices to make our food tasty.

16.                                                                                                      For this, teachers love him very much.

17.                                                                                                      People enjoy this game.

18.                                                                                                      An important role is played by tress.

19.                                                                                                      People of all ages like this game.

20.                                                                                                      Their allowances should be increased.

Shaiful Islam Murad

B.A.(Honours), M.A. in English,Carmichael College, Rangpur.

Assistant Teacher(English)

Rasulpur Islamia Dakhil Madrasha

Formerly ,Idrakpur High School.

Fulkuri School &College,Tulshighat

Contact:01756-594848