River gypsies, locally known as the Bede community in Bangladesh, are a distinct nomadic ethnic group numbering roughly 800,000. They spend the monsoon months traveling rivers in small wooden houseboats and move to temporary tents on riverbanks during the dry winter season.
Lifestyle and Livelihoods
Nomadic travel: They roam the waterways in groups from May to December using boats as their primary homes.
Traditional trades: Men traditionally practice snake charming, catch snakes, and sell herbal medicines, while women go door-to-door selling cosmetics, bangles, and offering traditional healing.
Water dependence: Monsoon season is centered around fishing and pearl diving in the rivers.
Shrinking waterways: Climate change and drying riverbeds have drastically reduced navigable routes, limiting their traditional movement.
Social assimilation: Pressured by urbanization and lack of land ownership, many community members are slowly transitioning to permanent land-based settlements and mainstream jobs.